Which practice involves selling a product under a retailer's own brand name, even though it was originally produced by a national or international manufacturer?

• A. White-label brands
• B. Branded items
• C. Private-label products
• D. Retail goods

Answer: (C)

Private-label products describe goods produced by a third‑party manufacturer but sold under the retailer’s own brand name. The retailer partners with a producer to create the item to the retailer’s specs, then labels and markets it as a store brand, often with exclusive availability in that retailer’s outlets. This setup lets the retailer control branding, pricing, and positioning while avoiding in-house production. For example, a supermarket might offer a jar of peanut butter labeled with its store brand even though the product is made by a contract manufacturer. This is distinct from branded items, which carry the original manufacturer’s label, and from white-label practices, which can involve products rebranded for multiple retailers rather than a retailer’s unique brand. “Retail goods” is too generic to describe this branding arrangement.